No 1 (2017)

Full Issue

Technical Sciences

THE METHODOLOGY OF ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL RISKS IN OIL AND GAS PRODUCING AND CHEMICAL COMPLEXES

Gorina L.N., Danilina N.E., Freze T.Y., Kolacheva N.V.

Abstract

Currently, oil and gas producing and chemical complexes are the most developing complexes and contain a great quantity of equipment that may cause risk. Risks formation is possible at any stage of life cycle of the process and equipment. Risks nature is currently classified by the sources of origin, consequences impact, and risk frequency nature. The authors attempt to identify risks influencing the environment not taking into account the manifestation at the stage of life cycle.

The preliminary identification of risks that may arise during the process of operating the equipment, allows carrying out the preventive measures to mitigate the risk of their occurrence and the consequences of their implementation. The influence of oil and gas producing industry on the environment has many factors. These are final land allocation, green cover pollution, the atmospheric emissions, and the discharges into water bodies.

The study uses the systems approach to design the methodology of assessment of environmental risks of technical objects. A systems approach allows implementing the sequential actions for risks prevention, preparing risk register, identifying hazards, analyzing risks, applying methods, techniques, and tools for risk mitigation at the objects. The methodology developed on the basis of systems approach can be universal to implement the procedures for risk assessment and prevention, irrespective of risk nature (technology-related, industrial, environmental, infrastructure). The existing risk assessment methods are universal and not adapted to the specific industrial facilities. The study of methods’ applicability in the risk assessment process allows identifying methods for specific goals and objectives and applying them without their further study and implementation at a specific site.

 

Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2017;(1):11-16
pages 11-16 views

SIMULATION OF PARAMETERS OF CYLINDER CONTACT AREA WHEN CLADDING WITH FLEXIBLE TOOL

Zotov A.V., Semenchenko N.V., Galiev I.R.

Abstract

The paper considers new effective high production method of combined treatment of surfaces of machine industry goods using cladding with a flexible tool (CFT). As a rule, a wire wheel brush is used as such flexible tool. CFT is a combined method of modifying the surface of treated item involving the simultaneous deformational strengthening of surface and applying of coatings made of various materials with required functional properties. The paper presents the mathematical model of determining the geometry and energy parameters of the contact area when using cladding of cylindrical surfaces of treated items with a wire tool. The model is designed using the elliptic parameters method of the elastic rods theory. The model is based on the algorithm of the computational and analytical method containing the cycle of simultaneous selection of the angle identifying the position of a flexible element in the contact area and the modular angle the input parameter of which is the ordinate of the contact point in the fixed system of reference.

The paper presents the analysis of the stressed state of wire tool bristles, which is the basic element of cladding assemblies. The authors considered the influence of wire tool design parameters and the cladding modes on the values of maximum actual stresses that occur in the bristles when sliding along the area of contact with the treated item. The paper presents the results of modeling of the stressed state of the wire tool bristles in the program implementing the method of finite element analysis and their comparative analysis with the results of calculation using the analytical method. Maximum discrepancy between the stress values calculated according to the proposed mathematical model and obtained using CAE-analysis was 12 %.

Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2017;(1):17-22
pages 17-22 views

ABOUT COMPLEX FORMATION IN THE “CHROMIC SULFATE (III) – ALUMINUM SULFATE – TITANYL SULFATE – WATER” SYSTEM

Troshina M.A.

Abstract

The application of heteropolynuclear complex compounds for leather tanning process is the alternative of traditional chrome tanning agents and allows solving a number of issues of leather factories: to improve the quality of products, expand its product range, ensure the principle of low-waste production using environmentally sound chemical materials, and decrease the airway cancer rate of the employees.

The paper describes the study of complex formation in the “chromic sulfate (III) – aluminum sulfate – titanyl sulfate – water” quadruple system using two methods: Ostromyslenskiy-Zhoba method and the isothermal solubility method.

The author used Ostromyslenskiy-Zhoba method to carry out the spectrophotometric study of solutions containing ions of chrome (III), titanyl and aluminum in the simultaneous presence of cations of two and three metals. Absorption spectra were measured in the area of wavelengths of 300–700 nanometers in an hour after preparing a solution. Studying the dependencies of the light absorption coefficients on the aluminum sulfates molar fraction at various wavelengths, the author determined the feasibility of chrome-titan-aluminum complex compounds formation. However, this method did not give a straight answer on the existence of fixed composition and a certain amount of complex particles in solutions.

Further research using the isothermal solubility method defined the crystallization region of triple heteropolynuclear complex compounds containing chromium (III), titanium and aluminum. To carry out the experiment, the author added the third salt to saturated euthonic and peritonic solutions of initial triplex systems until the formation of new solid phase. The derived solutions were thermostated at the temperature of 25° С. Using Mertslin’s method of sections, the composition of solutions was defined according to the “composition – refraction index” characteristic curves. The refraction index constancy denoted the establishment of equilibrium between solid and fluid phases. 

Isothermal solubility method allowed identifying the estimated bulk compositions of chrome-titan-aluminum complexes calculated using the solubility diagram.  

Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2017;(1):23-29
pages 23-29 views

THE STUDY OF INTERRELATIONSHIP OF IONIZATION CURRENT AND MAXIMUM INDICATED PRESSURE DURING THE COMBUSTION OF HYDROGEN RICH GASOLINE-AIR MIXTURE

Shaikin A.P., Ivashin P.V., Deryachev A.D.

Abstract

Ion current occurring in the result of chemical reactions of hydrocarbon fuel combustion is called the chemi-ionization current. The analysis of the research works displayed that the chemi-ionization current value can characterize the intensity and velocity of chemical reactions of burning in the combustion chamber of a piston engine, and therefore, the efficiency of heat generation during the combustion in the internal combustion engine. The paper shows that the study of the interrelationship of ion current and indicated combustion pressure determining, to the greatest extent, the workflow efficiency is the critical task, especially for gasoline engines with hydrogen transfer. The goal of the paper is to analyze the dependence of indicated combustion pressure and ion current under various initial conditions of fuel-air mixture combustion. Based on the experimental studies carried out on the single-cylinder motor unit UIT-85, the authors obtained data on the ion current occurring on the ionization sensor electrode remote from the ignition spark plug in the result of the flame front passing through it. Using the Kistler’s piezoelectric pressure sensor combined with the ignition spark plug, the authors created the indicator diagrams. The paper presents the data on the processing of the ion current peaks and the indicated pressure and the diagrams of their dependence on the mixture composition under various initial conditions. As the result of the study, the authors presented the diagram of the interrelationship of maxima of indicated pressure and ion current when varying the mixture composition at various crankshaft speeds, mass fraction of hydrogen added to the fuel-air mixture, compression and two angles of ignition advance.

Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2017;(1):30-35
pages 30-35 views

FRACTURING BEHAVIOR OF LUBRICATING-COOLING FLUID (LCF) IN THE CONTACT AREA OF THE TOOL AND THE WORKPIECE

Shchipanov A.V.

Abstract

The relevance of the issue selected for the study is proved by the fact that, when producing optical parts, the treatment using loose abrasive is replaced with the processes based on the application of fixed abrasive. However, the increase in efficiency causes the issues of the surface layer quality assurance. It is caused by the fact that the intensification of the stock removal process is inextricably connected with the heat output increase in the contact area of a tool with a workpiece.

The paper presents the methodology of the study and the obtained observation results of fracturing behavior of lubricating-cooling fluid in the contact area of a tool and a workpiece. The temperatures in the area of treatment of optical materials determine considerably the quality of treated surface. During these processes, the lubricating-cooling fluid plays one of the key roles. It is impossible to develop the exact thermophysical model of the process of treatment without the true recording of lubricating-cooling fluid and its behavior. 

For the direct vision of the lubricating-cooling fluid behavior in the contact area of a tool with the treated surface, the author developed the method based on the strobing freeze application. A pulsed lamp is installed in such a way that the total internal reflection from the prism working surface would take place. In case, some body contacts with this surface, the total internal reflection gets broken and the dark spot with the actual contact geometrics can be observed. Using the device, it is possible to observe the treatment area. Carried out study allows concluding that the lubricating-cooling fluid is constantly present in the treatment area. All areas of the direct contact of a tool and a workpiece are surrounded with it. When using water-based lubricating-cooling fluid, there are no areas free of it at the applied velocity of cutting out of certain contact areas.      

Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2017;(1):36-39
pages 36-39 views

Гуманитарные науки

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP IN RELIGIOUS FAMILIES: CONTEMPORARY STUDIES

Vlasikhina N.V.

Abstract

The paper examines the influence of religiosity on various aspects of the family relationship in Russia. The concept of “religious family” is studied from the standpoint of the contemporary psychological body of knowledge. Analysis of existing studies of religiosity in Russian families and its influence on various aspects of social communication in a family are included. One of such aspects of the family relations is relations between parents and children, in particular, the tendency to use physical punishment as a consequence of parents’ religiosity. The correlation between the parents' religiosity and the frequency of physical punishment of the children is defined. The paper also presents the results of the research which reveal the correlation between the religiosity of spouses and their level of satisfaction in the marriage as well as their way of undergoing stressful situations. One of the key issues is the influence of religiosity on the number of divorces, and if the family still maintains its significant status as a source of religious values within the context of different religions. Protestantism is studied as one of the Christian confessions in Russia. On the one hand, Protestantism has got certain influence on Russian society; on the other hand, due to historical and political reasons, Protestantism in Russia is a fairly closed group. The paper presents the results of the research which demonstrate the diverse manifestation of religiosity in the context of Orthodox Church and that of Protestantism. So, the diversities in religious lives influence modern families in Protestant churches. Protestant religious families have got specific features and values. The problem of insufficient knowledge of modern Protestant religious families in Russia is raised.

Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2017;(1):43-47
pages 43-47 views

PARTICIPATION IN STUDENT SELF-GOVERNANCE ACTIVITIES AS A FACTOR OF YOUTH’S CIVIL ACTIVITY FORMATION

Vorobiev V.P., Pavlova S.M.

Abstract

The current situation in Russia is characterized by many challenges which include economic, political and socio-cultural factors. It is obvious that within this framework the prosperity of the country will not only depend on a strong and stable economy but also on the degree of citizen involvement, especially of the younger generation, in socially significant events and socio-economic processes, as well as the general level of civic engagement. In the context of studying the determinants of young people civic engagement, special attention is paid to the analysis of their involvement into the student government activities. Identifying the extent and character of the relationship between participation in student government and the level of youth’s civil engagement will allow analyzing special aspects of the Russian youth’s civic culture.

The paper presents the results of sociological research that analyzes the impact of participation in the student government on the formation of Russian youth’s civil culture. Features of social attitudes and social activity of young people are considered depending on their work experience in the student government. Besides, the paper analyses such categories as the respondents’ attitude to the situation in the region and the country, and the willingness to sacrifice their private interests for the public and the degree of participation in socially important events of the region and country.

The respondents with experience of work in the student government take part in different rallies, demonstrations, public events and elections more often than respondents without such experience. At the same time, both categories of respondents are equally willing to prioritize public interests over their own. An indicator of activists’ altruism is only slightly higher than the same indicator for ordinary students. But there is very interesting information: the altruism indicator is significantly higher for students who are/were holding official positions in the student government.

Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2017;(1):48-53
pages 48-53 views

INDICATION OF LOCUS IN QUO IN POLITICAL CARICATURE

Denisova G.L.

Abstract

In this paper, the author studies the political caricature as a creolized text which is characterized by categories typical of a homogeneous verbal text. The analysis is based on a concept of a text grid as a means used to represent a certain text category. From this point of view, the local net consists of verbal and iconic means which create space of the caricature and indicate its locus in quo.

Upon analysis of Walter Hanel’s caricatures, the author defines specific characteristics of local references in the political caricature, distinguishes direct and indirect local references. The direct local references are represented by names of places, names of public organizations and abbreviations of those names. Indirect local references are represented by images of realities which preserve local identity (flag, state emblem, elements of national or organization symbols, recognizable buildings, national dishes).

In the political caricature, a metaphor represented with help of verbal and iconic means can perform a function of an indirect local reference. The paper shows that the metaphor can be used to represent an abstract notion as a visual image of the object world (“European Community” → image of a house; “international relations” → image of a bridge).

The author pays attention to close interconnection between components of the local and temporal nets in the caricature and cases of syncretism when one component of the caricature performs functions of both references and indicates time and locus in quo.

Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2017;(1):54-58
pages 54-58 views

SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL OF FORMATION OF MOTIVATION FOR SAFE ACTIVITY

Kosynkina S.E., Yagovkin G.N., Freze T.Y.

Abstract

The paper considers the social and psychological motivation for decision-making to address a risk during the activity. The authors determined that the process of making decisions by an employee when identifying the situation hazards is the key process at all levels of the information processing and mental regulation in the process of their professional activity. The main steps of the process of motivation for making decisions to eliminate hazards during the employees’ professional activity are listed and the structure of making motivational decisions is specified. The authors determined that the structure and mechanisms of making decisions during the employees’ professional activities were not consistently universal at various levels of mental reflection. At the same time, the relation of decision-making is ambiguous and the motivational decision-making is a form of mental activity. Based on the common model of decision-making motivation, the authors developed the socio-psychological model of the formation of motivation for safe activity. The developed model involves five stages; each of them is described in details. The authors specified the conditions of the problem awareness and disclosed the reasons causing the necessity to improve safety indicators. The authors describe the types of search behavior and the factors that may affect the external search of information, present the list of factors influencing the process of social and psychological motivation for safe activity. It is determined that the basic conditions for the social and psychological component of forming the relations in the sphere of safety are the creation of stable motivational field. Whereas, this field is composed of the personal attitude of an employee towards his or her health and the degree of development of attitudes towards the safety ensuring in the sphere of professional activity.

Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2017;(1):59-62
pages 59-62 views

GENRE VS DISCOURSE: CONCERNING THE NOTIONS RELATIONSHIP

Krapivkina O.A.

Abstract

The paper considers the dialectical relations of two categories – genre and discourse, which are not definitely interpreted in the modern linguistic research. The author notes that the concept of genre is widely used in the discursive analysis; however, the genre problematics is still unexplored. The goal of this work is the consideration of interrelation of genre and discourse, the identification of their touch points. The paper analyses three main approaches to the notion of a genre – extralinguistic, structural and formal. The author comes to the conclusion that only the combination of extralinguistic and linguistic parameters will allow defining the notion of the genre more exactly and drawing the line between genre and discourse. The paper highlights the inconsistency of efforts to identify genre and discourse. Basing on M. Foucault’s concept, the author explains that discourse is constituted by the complex system of limitations imposed by the discursive structure, when the genre is defined by the creative potential. The term “discourse” covers certain spheres of discursive practices, the boundaries of which can be defined by the separation of their class features, and the term “genre” is used to define the invariant properties of the discursive practices. The author notes that genre acts as a flexible category of discursive activity, means of discourse ordering. The genre is not only the classification system of discursive practices or some formula of language structures but, first of all, the communicative phenomenon reflecting the process and the result of the discursive activity. 

Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2017;(1):63-66
pages 63-66 views

DISCURSIVE PERFORMANСЕ FORMULAE AS THE “IN ACTION” CONSTRUCTIONS. PART I. MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECT

Lemeshko Y.R.

Abstract

The paper covers the analysis of the formulaic utterances organized as a slogan. Slogans, mottos, appeals and claims belong to such utterances and can be united in one general group of discursive performance formulae. The author gives the definition of the concept of “discursive performance formula” which is considered in the context of such communicative situation as the performance, highlights the forms of communication of performance type, within the frames of which the considered discursive performance formulae are implemented, and defines the sphere of science industries that study such utterances.

From the point of view of structural and semantic aspect, the discursive performance formulae are the specific constructions. The paper defines the most frequency constructions, which semantic core is the imperative meaning. In the linguistic science, the impellent is considered by different adjacent linguistic disciplines: semantics, morphology, syntax. The author supposes that the description of various approaches will allow making a definite contribution to the characteristics of imperative means existing in the language, taking into account various linguistic disciplines and areas of specialization.

This paper considers the discursive performance formulae from the point of view of morphological approach. The author specifies standard imperative structures, the structures of mutual action and the third person imperative with the relative morphological markers. In addition to standard forms, particular specific forms of utterances based on morphological markers are specified as well. The author gives the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the utterances that act as the discursive performative formulae. 

In the result of the analysis, the author determined that the constructions formed using the morphological means are the most frequently what is caused by their efficiency as “the constructions in action”.

Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2017;(1):67-72
pages 67-72 views

SOURCES OF MYTHOLOGICAL BELIEFS IN ENGLISH FOLK TALE DISCOURSE

Plakhova O.A.

Abstract

The present paper studies fundamental sources of mythological beliefs accumulated in the English folk tale discourse. Besides European mythological and Christian traditions, an important part in the making of English demonary is performed by the variable folklore tradition, intra-genre, and inter-genre interaction processes as well as English writers’ works.

The folklore tradition variability serves a means of the identification of a mythological personage and its status in the demonary. It defines the personage’s field of distribution and variation range of its characteristics. It contributes to systematization and structuring of folk ideas of the miraculous in the English folk tale discourse. Work with local records also allows to state the dynamics of some mythological concepts and to determine common features in folk tales with universal mythological beliefs.

Under the influence of intra-genre (European fairy tale traditions) and inter-genre (legends, ballads) interaction processes as well as English writers’ works the system of mythological beliefs underwent certain changes in the English folk tale discourse. Original images and plots were organically interwoven with those of European fairy tales which had become part of the English folk tale fund. For instance, the fairy royal couple acquired individualizing denominations Oberon and Titania, fairies turned into miniature, beautiful and harmless beings, while Robin Good Fellow became a merry prankster having lost his ability to do harm. New personages were adopted; properties and names of traditional folk tale characters were modified according to Greco-Roman or Medieval traditions. Heroes of Christian and folk legends (including the literary adapted ones) turned into folk tale characters, while their names were used as precedent names and chronotopical markers.

Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2017;(1):73-77
pages 73-77 views

THE SPECIFIC CHARACTER OF VALUE SYSTEM OF THE PUPILS OF THE CHILDREN’S MUSLIM CAMP

Trifonova T.A.

Abstract

Being the most important personality characteristic, value system defines the person’s attitude towards the real world, causes the choice of behavior standards. In the conditions of strengthening the dynamics of social contradictions, the “diffusion” of values takes place; therefore, the question of value personal identity of rising generation is very topical. The value system develops intensively at the school age. The identification of the specific character of the development of primary school children’s value system during their extracurricular activities attracts particular interest.

This paper covers the study of the value system of younger schoolgirls, the pupils of children’s Muslim camp. For the research, the author analyzed theoretically the problem of values and value system, performed the theoretical review of modern approaches to the study of value systems of the primary school children, and carried out the empirical social and psychological research using the questioning and testing. The author applied the known methods of study of value systems, analyzed the average values of ranks of value systems of the pupils of children’s Muslim camp and standard school camp, carried out the statistical comparison of the results of testing of value systems within the study selections. The author’s questionnaire on the identifying the experience of visiting a camp was processed qualitatively.

The author identified the similarity and distinctions in the scale of value systems of Muslim girls and ordinary schoolgirls, determined the specific character of values of the children’s Muslim camp pupils. Both selections showed similar importance of personal values and not socially oriented terminal values. Terminal values of a spiritual orientation are more peculiar to the schoolgirls – the pupils of a school camp. Muslim girls are more oriented to those instrumental values that are connected with the external behavioral manifestations, and the ordinary schoolgirls are characterized by the belief in the importance of moral qualities. The author identified the certain inconsistency of the comfort significance for Muslim girls at the social and individual levels.

         

Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2017;(1):78-85
pages 78-85 views

CONTENT ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE EVALUATION OF THE CONTENTS OF MASS CULTURE OBJECTS

Shevtsov A.M.

Abstract

Currently, there are a significant number of methods of evaluation of socio-psychological climate of numerous social groups. The majority of them work only in the direct contact with the target population. As a result, the science needs the application of the remote methods of socio-psychological climate assessment, one of which is the content analysis. In most cases, the content analysis is used to evaluate text sources but it is completely not good enough for comprehensive contact-free diagnostics of socio-psychological climate.

The paper considers the examples of the application of the content analysis method to the mass culture products designed to impact primarily on children and teenagers audience. The author highlights the effectiveness of content analysis when identifying social problems both in statics and in dynamics. Animated films “The Lion King” (1994), “Madagascar-2” (2002), “Wreck-It Ralph” (2012), and “Zootopia” (2016) were evaluated. As the units of analysis, the author considers such phenomena typical for large groups of people as the power, means and purposes ratio, discrimination, and social optimism. As the units of account, the author considers the facts of manifestation of specified analysis units in the course of the storyline evolution. The author carried out a brief quantitative analysis of the works under consideration and the actual and content-related assessment of the aforesaid markers identified in the works.

In general, the works analyzed, if considering them as the adequate reflection of the social reality of the origin community, indicate partial destruction of social communion, as it is evidenced by the mass-media reports. The author discovered that the content analysis of the mass culture objects is the effective tool for the assessment of attitudes and socio-psychological climate within the society.

Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2017;(1):86-91
pages 86-91 views

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