THE STUDY OF KINEMATICS OF INTERACTION OF A GRINDING WHELL WITH A WORKPIECE WHEN APPLYING ULTRASONIC VIBRATIONS


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Abstract

One of the effective means of improving the efficiency of the operations of work materials mechanical processing is the rational use of the ultrasonic vibrations energy (UVE). To develop the recommendations on the selection of the UVE direction and amplitude, within the grinding process, the study of the kinematics of interaction of a grinding wheel and a workpiece is carried out. The authors suggested the analytic dependences to calculate the velocity of displacement of an abrasive grain against a workpiece, the number of abrasive grains contacting with the workpiece, and the Ra parameter of surface roughness when grinding with the UVE. Using these dependencies, the numerical simulation for various conditions and grinding mode is carried out. It is determined that when applying vibrations to the workpiece in the direction coinciding with the vector of the operating velocity of a grinding wheel, to decrease the frictional force within the contact zone of a wheel with a workpiece, the vibrations with the frequency going beyond the frequency range of the industrial ultrasonic devices are required. The applying of vibrations in the direction perpendicular to the processed surface causes the significant increase in the altitude parameters of the roughness of this surface. When applying vibrations in the direction coinciding with the wheel axis, minimal altitude roughness parameters are achieved, and due to the intermittent contact of grains with the workpiece it is possible to decrease the friction ratio, consequently, it is reasonable to apply UVE in the same direction. To apply vibrations to a workpiece, the authors used the device where the workpiece is being fixed between the vibration sender and the bearer and is considered to be one of the parts of the vibrating system. The experimental study carried out when flat grinding of blank parts made of 3H3M3F and 12H18H10T steels allowed determining that the applying of vibrations with the amplitude of 2Az=6…9 µm in the direction coinciding with the wheel axis ensures the decrease in the grinding force by 10…15 %, wheel wear by 25…40 %, Ra roughness parameter by 12…15 %.

About the authors

A. N. Unyanin

Ulyanovsk State Technical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: a_un@mail.ru

Unyanin Aleksandr Nikolaevich, Doctor of Sciences, Associate Professor

432027, Ulyanovsk, Severny Venets Street, 32

Russian Federation

A. V. Khazov

JSC “Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant”

Email: umz_73@mail.ru

Khazov Aleksandr Vasilievich, deputy chief engineer

432008, Ulyanovsk, Moskovskoye Shosse, 94

Russian Federation

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